對于小型攪拌車來說，出車前預熱發動機是必須的。但是當攪拌車到達施工現場后，上裝部分泵送系統還要進行預熱，否則就無法正常施工。那么攪拌車預熱前后期的主油泵保持什么？
It is necessary to preheat the engine before leaving the small mixer. However, when the mixer truck arrives at the construction site, the upper part of the pumping system must be preheated, otherwise the normal construction will not be possible. What does the main oil pump maintain before and after the mixer is preheated?
對攪拌車車身進行預熱的通常做法是在發動機運轉時開啟車身以取電。當液壓泵被動工作一段時間后，液壓油溫度上升到規定值，液壓油粘度達到正常工作狀態，車體預熱完成。這種公認的預熱操作方式看似簡單，其實不然。如果攪拌車車體的預熱操作在正確的狀態下進行，可以有效降低車體液壓系統的磨損和故障率。相反，不正確的預熱行為將不可避免地增加設備的磨損。下面我們介紹一下攪拌車預熱的正確操作方法。
The usual way to preheat the mixer truck body is to turn on the body to get power when the engine is running. When the hydraulic pump works passively for a period of time, the hydraulic oil temperature rises to the specified value, the hydraulic oil viscosity reaches the normal working state, and the car body preheating is completed. This accepted preheating operation seems simple, but it is not. If the preheating operation of the mixer car body is carried out in the correct state, the wear and failure rate of the car body hydraulic system can be effectively reduced. On the contrary, incorrect preheating behavior will inevitably increase equipment wear. Next, we will introduce the correct operation method of mixer preheating.
預熱前期，主油泵必須保持干轉
At the early stage of preheating, the main oil pump must keep running dry
安裝在混凝土攪拌車上的液壓系統中的液壓泵一般有四種，分別是主油泵、平衡壓泵、攪拌泵和臂架泵。從液壓泵的工作原理上分，除攪拌泵屬于齒輪泵外，其他三種泵都屬于斜盤柱塞泵。相比較而言，斜盤柱塞泵的性能優于齒輪泵，而且精度更高，價格也更高，因此更應引起重視。
There are generally four types of hydraulic pumps in the hydraulic system installed on the concrete mixer, namely, the main oil pump, the balance pressure pump, the mixing pump and the boom pump. From the working principle of the hydraulic pump, except that the mixing pump belongs to the gear pump, the other three pumps belong to the swashplate piston pump. In comparison, the performance of the swashplate piston pump is better than that of the gear pump, with higher precision and higher price. Therefore, more attention should be paid to it.
對于不同工作原理的攪拌車，讓主油泵干轉的操作方法是不同的。在目前常見的混凝土泵送液壓系統中，主要有兩種——開式系統和閉式系統。對于這兩個系統的原理、區別和特點，這里就不方便介紹了。我們只介紹根據原理保持主油泵斜盤不傾斜的操作方法。
For mixer trucks with different working principles, the operation method of dry running the main oil pump is different. At present, there are two kinds of common concrete pumping hydraulic systems - open system and closed system. It is not convenient to introduce the principles, differences and characteristics of the two systems here. We only introduce the operation method to keep the swashplate of the main oil pump from tilting according to the principle.
(1)對于開式系統的混凝土攪拌車，可在開啟上裝取力器時將泵送排量設置在“零”位置。根據攪拌車的品牌和使用年限，設置方法可能會略有不同。
(1) For the concrete mixer with open system, the pumping displacement can be set at "zero" position when the upper power take-off is opened. The setting method may be slightly different according to the brand and service life of the mixer.
(2)對于封閉系統混凝土攪拌車，方法比較簡單，即在開啟車身取力器時，保持泵送停止狀態。
(2) For the closed system concrete mixer, the method is relatively simple, that is, when the power take-off of the vehicle body is opened, the pumping stops.
預熱后期，主油泵逐漸增大排量
At the later stage of preheating, the main oil pump gradually increases its displacement
小型攪拌車的液壓泵在空轉過程中，軸承、配油盤等部件由于運動 摩擦不可避免地會發熱。這些熱量逐漸傳遞給周圍的液壓油，使液壓油的溫度逐漸升高，粘度逐漸降低。一段時間后，可將液壓泵的斜盤調整到較小的角度變化，使液壓油流動，從而將溫度較高的液壓油送入液壓回路。由于對流和傳導，液壓馬達和管路中的油逐漸升溫。直到整個泵送系統的液壓油達到工作溫度，預熱工作才順利完成。
During the idling process of the hydraulic pump of the small mixer truck, the bearing, oil distribution plate and other components will inevitably heat up due to motion friction. The heat is gradually transferred to the surrounding hydraulic oil, so that the temperature of the hydraulic oil gradually increases and the viscosity gradually decreases. After a period of time, the swashplate of the hydraulic pump can be adjusted to a small angle change to make the hydraulic oil flow, so as to send the hydraulic oil with higher temperature into the hydraulic circuit. Due to convection and conduction, the oil in the hydraulic motor and pipeline gradually heats up. The preheating will not be completed until the hydraulic oil of the whole pumping system reaches the operating temperature.
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